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• checking examples ... ERROR
  Running examples in 'ProfessR-Ex.R' failed.
  The error most likely occurred in:
  
  > ### * seebank
  >
  > flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
  >
  > ### Name: seebank
  > ### Title: Print out a bank of questions
  > ### Aliases: seebank
  > ### Keywords: misc
  >
  > ### ** Examples
  >
  >
  > data(QBANK1)
  > seebank(QBANK1)
  ############ 1
  $Q
  [1] " Downslope movements of earth materials can be triggered by \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a)\tearthquakes" "b)\tsonic booms" "c)\theavy rainfall"
  [4] "d)\tvolcanic eruptions" "e)\tall of the above"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e)\tall of the above"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 2
  $Q
  [1] "Creep is typically caused by \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a)\trapid movement of rock downslope"
  [2] "b)\trapid movement of soil downslope"
  [3] "c)\tslow movement of solid rock downslope"
  [4] "d)\tslow movement of soil downslope by contraction and expansion of clay-rich soils"
  [5] "e)\trapid movement of ice and snow downslope"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d)\tslow movement of soil downslope by contraction and expansion of clay-rich soils"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 3
  $Q
  [1] "The strength of a hillside or mass of material is enhanced by which of the following?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a)\tThe cohesion of the mass and its weight."
  [2] "b)\tHigh water content."
  [3] "c)\tA high density of fracture planes."
  [4] "d)\tHigh clay content."
  [5] "e)\tLow shear resistance."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a)\tThe cohesion of the mass and its weight."
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 4
  $Q
  [1] "Which of the following best describes a rockfall?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a)\tSlide on top of a basal slip surface as a semisolid mass."
  [2] "b)\tNear vertical movement of material from a steep cliff or slope."
  [3] "c)\tA viscous, turbulent flow over the landscape."
  [4] "d)\tVertical downward movement of separate blocks into a void."
  [5] "e)\tA slow and gradual movement of material downslope."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b)\tNear vertical movement of material from a steep cliff or slope."
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 5
  $Q
  [1] "Which of the following best describes a flow?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a)\tSlide on top of a basal slip surface as a semisolid mass."
  [2] "b)\tNear vertical free-fall of material."
  [3] "c)\tA viscous, turbulent movement of material over the landscape."
  [4] "d)\tVertical downward movement of separate blocks into a void."
  [5] "e)\tA slow and gradual movement of material downslope."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c)\tA viscous, turbulent movement of material over the landscape."
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 6
  $Q
  [1] "Massive rock falls that are transformed into long, fluidized flows of rock and debris are called \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a)\tstirstorms" "b)\tsturzstroms" "c)\tseiches" "d)\tstartstreams"
  [5] "e)\tstairstops"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b)\tsturzstroms"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  cleanEx()
  ############ 7
  $Q
  [1] "The mass movements at Turnagain Heights, Alaska, which were triggered by the M9.2 earthquake in 1964, is a good example of \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a)\ta translational slide" "b)\ta sturzstrom"
  [3] "c)\ta snow avalanche" "d)\tsubsidence"
  [5] "e)\trock fall"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a)\ta translational slide"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  nameEx("show.dist")
  ############ 8
  $Q
  [1] "Clay crystals \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) are very large"
  [2] "b) are very small"
  [3] "c) range from very large to very small"
  [4] "d) are amorphous"
  [5] "e) do not exist in nature"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) are very small"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### * show.dist
  ############ 9
  $Q
  [1] "Soil shrinkage occurs when soil does all but which of the following?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) thaws" "b) dries" "c) cools" "d) freezes"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d) freezes"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 10
  $Q
  [1] "Catastrophic subsidence into sinkholes tends to occur more often in areas underlain by \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}.?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) limestones" "b) sandstones"
  [3] "c) shales" "d) granite"
  [5] "e) all of the choices are correct"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) limestones"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
  ############ 11
  $Q
  [1] "When short-wavelength radiation from the Sun passes through a planet's atmosphere but long-wavelength reradiation is trapped, the resulting conditions produce \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) global cooling" "b) a Bose-Einstein condensate"
  [3] "c) the greenhouse effect " "d) all of the above"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) the greenhouse effect "
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 12
  $Q
  [1] "Greenhouse gases include \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) CO\\ensuremath{_2}" "b) H\\ensuremath{_2}O vapor"
  [3] "c) methane (CH4)" "d) chlorofluorocarbons"
  [5] "e) all of these"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) all of these"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Name: show.dist
  ############ 13
  $Q
  [1] "What was the world like during the Late Paleocene Torrid Age? "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) Most of the world was wetter and warmer."
  [2] "b) Most of the world was drier and warmer."
  [3] "c) Most of the world was wetter, but a little cooler."
  [4] "d) Most of the world was a desert."
  [5] "e) It is impossible to estimate conditions at that time."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) Most of the world was wetter and warmer."
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Title: Show Distribution of Grades
  ############ 14
  $Q
  [1] "A strong El Nino is characterized by \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) the arrival of warm ocean water to Peru and Ecuador near Christmastime"
  [2] "b) high atmospheric pressure over the eastern Pacific Ocean resulting in trade winds that blow toward the equator from the north and south"
  [3] "c) a southern jet stream branch that flows eastward bringing higher rainfall to the southeastern United States and helping break apart Atlantic and Caribbean storms resulting in fewer hurricanes"
  [4] "d) heavy rainstorms in the western United States"
  [5] "e) all of these"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) all of these"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Aliases: show.dist
  ############ 15
  $Q
  [1] "The eruption of \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt} has been called the greatest eruption in historic times, killing about 10,000 people outright by pyroclastic flows and another 107,000 indirectly through famine and disease. "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) Tambora in 1815 C.E." "b) Vesuvius in 79 C.E."
  [3] "c) Mt. St. Helens in 1980 C.E." "d) Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 C.E."
  [5] "e) El Chichon in 1982 C.E."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) Tambora in 1815 C.E."
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Keywords: misc
  ############ 16
  $Q
  [1] "One of the greatest weather disasters in U.S. history occurred during the \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}, when several years of drought turned grain-growing areas in the center of the nation into the 'Dust Bowl'. "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) 1920s" "b) 1930s" "c) 1950s" "d) 1970s" "e) 1990s"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) 1930s"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 17
  $Q
  [1] "The fraction of solar energy reflected back to space due to Earth's cloudiness or snow and ice cover is known as \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) libido" "b) albedo" "c) segundo" "d) La Nina"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) albedo"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### ** Examples
  ############ 18
  $Q
  [1] "Glass is opaque to \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt} radiation."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) long-wavelength"
  [2] "b) short-wavelength"
  [3] "c) both short- and long-wavelength "
  [4] "d) neither short- nor long-wavelength"
  [5] "e) You can see through glass, so it is transparent to all radiation."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) long-wavelength"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 19
  $Q
  [1] "Indications of global warming in the last half of the 20th century include all but which of the following?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) increasing abundance of warm-water species in the North Atlantic Ocean"
  [2] "b) higher tree-line in mountainous regions of Europe and New Zealand"
  [3] "c) earlier arrival of migrating birds in springtime"
  [4] "d) people noticing how much warmer the weather is"
  [5] "e) All of the above are documented observations indicating global warming."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d) people noticing how much warmer the weather is"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  g = rnorm(n=130, m=82, sd=10)
  ############ 20
  $Q
  [1] "Episodes of climate change during the last 1000 years include all but which of the following?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) the Maunder Minimum"
  [2] "b) the Medieval Maximum"
  [3] "c) the Little Ice Age"
  [4] "d) the Renaissance Warming"
  [5] "e) All of the above were episodes of short-term climate change."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d) the Renaissance Warming"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  g[g>100] = 100
  ############ 21
  $Q
  [1] "What two main factors result in more violent eruptions?\t"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) not too much water and low enough viscosity"
  [2] "b) more water and higher viscosity of the magma"
  [3] "c) higher viscosity and narrow enough vent"
  [4] "d) strong rocks around the vent and more water"
  [5] "e) a large enough volcano with low-viscosity magma."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) more water and higher viscosity of the magma"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  g[g<1] = 1
  ############ 22
  $Q
  [1] "What properties of \\underline{basalt} magma control its eruptive behavior?\t"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) low water and large magma volume"
  [2] "b) high water and low magma volume."
  [3] "c) low water content and low viscosity"
  [4] "d) low water and high viscosity"
  [5] "e) high water and low viscosity"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) low water content and low viscosity"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 23
  $Q
  [1] "What properties of \\underline{rhyolite} magma control its eruptive behavior?\t"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) high water content and high viscosity"
  [2] "b) low water and large magma volume"
  [3] "c) high water and low magma volume."
  [4] "d) low water content and low viscosity"
  [5] "e) low water and high viscosity"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) high water content and high viscosity"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  B = boxplot(g)
  ############ 24
  $Q
  [1] "How does pahoehoe lava differ from aa lava?\t"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) pahoehoe is full of gas holes and aa is solid lava."
  [2] "b) pahoehoe has a ragged top, aa is smooth on top"
  [3] "c) pahoehoe is ropy-looking; aa is clinkery"
  [4] "d) pahoehoe is rhyolite and aa is basalt"
  [5] "e) pahoehoe is basalt and aa is andesite"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) pahoehoe is ropy-looking; aa is clinkery"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 25
  $Q
  [1] "How fast do red-hot basalt flows typically move?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) about 5 meters per hour." "b) about 5 centimeters per minute"
  [3] "c) less than 1 meter per second" "d) 10 meters per second"
  [5] "e) 10 kilometers per minute"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) less than 1 meter per second"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  divs = c(min(g), B$stats[1:4] + diff(B$stats)/2, max(g) )
  ############ 26
  $Q
  [1] "What is the smallest amount of volcanic ash on a roof that would commonly cause it to collapse?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) no amount of ash would cause collapse; it is too light to be a problem."
  [2] "b) more than about 3 cm"
  [3] "c) more than about 20 cm"
  [4] "d) more than 2 meters"
  [5] "e) more than 20 meters"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) more than about 20 cm"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  D1 = do.grades(g, divs=divs, tit="GEOL 105 Exam 1")
  ############ 27
  $Q
  [1] "Why is erupting volcanic ash dangerous to jet aircraft flying at an altitude of 8 to 10 kilometers (30,000 feet)?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) ash coats the surface of the wings making the plane too heavy to fly"
  [2] "b) ash covers the windshield of the plane so the pilots can't see where they are going"
  [3] "c) pieces of ash are rising so fast that they shoot down the plane"
  [4] "d) ash gets into the engines, which melt the ash causing the engines to stop"
  [5] "e) ash can penetrate the aluminum body of the fast-moving plane causing decompression of the plane and deaths of all on board. "
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d) ash gets into the engines, which melt the ash causing the engines to stop"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 28
  $Q
  [1] "What causes a big bulge to slowly grow on the flank of an active Cascades volcano? it grows because:"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) thick lava flows pile up around the vent"
  [2] "b) a huge gas bubble released from the magma is inflating it"
  [3] "c) the magma reacts with snow on the volcano, causing magma inflation"
  [4] "d) the hot magma melts older ash, causing it to expand."
  [5] "e) rising magma is pushing it up"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) rising magma is pushing it up"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  show.dist(D1)
  ############ 29
  $Q
  [1] "Following the May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, thousands of trees lay on the ground, all parallel to one another, because:. "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) a lateral blast at the beginning of the eruption blew them all down"
  [2] "b) a big earthquake at the beginning of the eruption shook them down"
  [3] "c) huge mudflows racing down slope flattened them"
  [4] "d) a giant landslide from the volcano toppled them"
  [5] "e) thermal winds during the eruption toppled them."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) a lateral blast at the beginning of the eruption blew them all down"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 30
  $Q
  [1] "If an ash flow approaches you from across a kilometer-wide lake, are you likely to be safe or not? Explain why."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) Safe; hot ash slows would chill and stop as soon as they hit cold water"
  [2] "b) Safe; ash flows move along the ground; they would continue harmlessly underwater"
  [3] "c) Safe; hot ash flows would boil the water and that would stop them"
  [4] "d) Not safe because a fast-moving ash flow would cause a deadly tsunami wave."
  [5] "e) Not safe. Ash flows can cross much wider bodies of water"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) Not safe. Ash flows can cross much wider bodies of water"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 31
  $Q
  [1] "Which of the following would you not find in an old ash-flow deposit?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) pumice fragments in it become larger upward."
  [2] "b) It is thicker in the valley bottom than on adjacent ridges"
  [3] "c) streaks of black obsidian near the base of the deposit."
  [4] "d) thin layers of ash"
  [5] "e) charred logs"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d) thin layers of ash"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 32
  $Q
  [1] "Which of the hazards of volcanoes kill more people than anything else? "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) lava flows" "b) ash flows" "c) ash falls" "d) landslides. "
  [5] "e) mudflows"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) mudflows"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 33
  $Q
  [1] "If a mudflow is heading down valley toward you, the best way to survive is:"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) climb the valley side to be above the flow"
  [2] "b) run down valley - fast!"
  [3] "c) if there is a house in the valley, nearby, get inside so the flow will go around you"
  [4] "d) climb the nearest tree"
  [5] "e) jump onto a tree floating in the mudflow and ride it down valley until it slows down."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) climb the valley side to be above the flow"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  cleanEx()
  ############ 34
  $Q
  [1] "If a gigantic flow of flood basalt magma were to erupt, why might that cause an increase in global warming?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) The high temperature of a giant basalt lava flow would heat up the atmosphere"
  [2] "b) Basalt magma contains steam at such a high temperature that the steam would heat the atmosphere"
  [3] "c) The high temperature of the basalt lava would start widespread fires that would heat the atmosphere"
  [4] "d) Radiant heat from the red-hot basalt would heat the molecules in the atmosphere."
  [5] "e) A huge amount of carbon dioxide released from the basalt magma would contribute to global warming"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) A huge amount of carbon dioxide released from the basalt magma would contribute to global warming"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  nameEx("version.exam")
  ############ 35
  $Q
  [1] "About how fast can ash flows travel?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) up to 1 to 2 km per hour"
  [2] "b) up to about 16 km per hour"
  [3] "c) generally slower than you can run"
  [4] "d) more than 160 km per hour; up to 200 km per hour"
  [5] "e) more than 1600 km per hour."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d) more than 160 km per hour; up to 200 km per hour"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### * version.exam
  ############ 36
  $Q
  [1] "A basalt magma typically erupts in what form? "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) pale ash flows"
  [2] "b) pale air-fall ash"
  [3] "c) giant Plinian eruptions that rise 50 km into the atmosphere"
  [4] "d) violent steam-rich surge blasts"
  [5] "e) lava flows"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) lava flows"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 37
  $Q
  [1] "A rhyolite magma typically erupts in what form?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) thin, fast-moving lava flows" "b) thick, fast-moving lava flows"
  [3] "c) thin, slow-moving ash flows" "d) fine ash"
  [5] "e) rhyolite magma never erupts."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: d) fine ash"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 4
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
  ############ 38
  $Q
  [1] "What are the two most abundant gases in magmas? "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) water vapor and oxygen" "b) water vapor and carbon dioxide"
  [3] "c) hydrogen and methane" "d) methane and helium"
  [5] "e) carbon dioxide and oxygen."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) water vapor and carbon dioxide"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 39
  $Q
  [1] "If you see in the distance, a large, steep-sided volcano, what type of volcano is it and what rock composition? "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) a stratovolcano of andesite lava flows and ash"
  [2] "b) a stratovolcano of rhyolite lava flows"
  [3] "c) a stratovolcano of basalt lava flows"
  [4] "d) a shield volcano of andesite ash"
  [5] "e) a shield volcano of rhyolite lava flows"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) a stratovolcano of andesite lava flows and ash"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Name: version.exam
  ############ 40
  $Q
  [1] "If you see in the distance, a small, steep, smooth-sided volcano what type of volcano is it and what is it likely made of? "
  
  $A
  [1] "a) a stratovolcano of andesite lava flows and ash"
  [2] "b) a stratovolcano of rhyolite lava flows"
  [3] "c) a stratovolcano of basalt lava flows"
  [4] "d) a shield volcano of andesite ash"
  [5] "e) a cinder cone of basalt fragment."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) a cinder cone of basalt fragment."
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Title: Create 1 instance of a specific Exam
  ############ 41
  $Q
  [1] "Why do shield volcanoes have very gently sloping sides?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) Their andesite composition produces huge ash flows that spread over a large area"
  [2] "b) Their andesite and rhyolite have low viscosity because of their water content, and spread over a low slope"
  [3] "c) Their basalt flows have low viscosity so the lava solidifies on a gentle slope"
  [4] "d) Their basalt ash spreads out widely in the strong winds over the open ocean"
  [5] "e) Their basalt magmas blow out violently from all of their pent up steam"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) Their basalt flows have low viscosity so the lava solidifies on a gentle slope"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Aliases: version.exam
  ############ 42
  $Q
  [1] "Which of the following is not a sign suggesting that a stratovolcano may be getting ready to erupt?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) numerous small earthquakes,"
  [2] "b) harmonic tremors, "
  [3] "c) growth of a bulge,"
  [4] "d) burning methane"
  [5] "e) a large mudflow a year after a previous explosive eruption."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) a large mudflow a year after a previous explosive eruption."
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### Keywords: misc
  ############ 43
  $Q
  [1] "Highly explosive magmas are controlled by which of the following?"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) high magnesium content and high water"
  [2] "b) high silica content and high water"
  [3] "c) low silica content and high water"
  [4] "d) high silica content and low water"
  [5] "e) high iron content and low water\t"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) high silica content and high water"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 44
  $Q
  [1] "Magma that is forcefully ejected into the atmosphere as particles is:"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) pyroclastic " "b) lava" "c) pahoehoe" "d) plutonic"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) pyroclastic "
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ### ** Examples
  ############ 45
  $Q
  [1] "Eruptions dominated by basalt compositions are found:"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) along convergent margins involving oceanic and continental crust"
  [2] "b) along divergent boundaries at mid-oceanic ridges"
  [3] "c) over continental hotspots"
  [4] "d) between plates along transform boundaries"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) along divergent boundaries at mid-oceanic ridges"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 46
  $Q
  [1] "Ancient volcanic remnants in central North Carolina most likely come from:"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) large hot spots" "b) oceanic arcs" "c) continental rifting"
  [4] "d) flood basalts" "e) Pahoehoe deposits"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: b) oceanic arcs"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 2
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  ##
  ############ 47
  $Q
  [1] " Plutons in the Chapel Hill area are mostly"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) 60 thousand years old" "b) 600 thousand years old"
  [3] "c) 60 million years old" "d) 100 million years old"
  [5] "e) 600 million years old"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: e) 600 million years old"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 5
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  data(QBANK1)
  ############ 48
  $Q
  [1] " A batholith is a"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) large accumulation of aa lava"
  [2] "b) large accumulation of pahoehoe lava"
  [3] "c) a cluster of plutons"
  [4] "d) very inviscid body"
  [5] "e) a caldera of lava"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) a cluster of plutons"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  ############ 49
  $Q
  [1] " Magma chambers observed in North Carolina quarries exhibit"
  
  $A
  [1] "a) mixing of magmas"
  [2] "b) significant amounts of aa lava"
  [3] "c) large accumulation of pahoehoe lava"
  [4] "d) pyroclastic deposits"
  [5] "e) ash and lapilli"
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: a) mixing of magmas"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 1
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  examdate="THURS Sep 20 2007"
  ############ 50
  $Q
  [1] " Silicon and oxygen link up to form the silicon-oxygen \\makebox[1cm]{\\Rivpt\\hrulefill\\Rivpt}."
  
  $A
  [1] "a) dihedron" "b) rihedron"
  [3] "c) tetrahedron" "d) hexahedron"
  [5] "e) All of these are correct."
  
  $a
  [1] "ANSWER: c) tetrahedron"
  
  $numANS
  [1] 3
  
  $FIG
  NULL
  
  
  > version.exam(QBANK1, "exam1A" , exnumber="Exam 1", seqnum="1", examdate=examdate)
  Error in paste(sep = "", "\\date{", examdate, "}") :
  object 'examdate' not found
  Calls: version.exam -> prep.exam -> paste
  Execution halted